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Russian battleship Dvenadsat Apostolov
''Dvenadsat Apostolov'' ((ロシア語:Двенадцать Апостолов—"Twelve Apostles")) was a pre-dreadnought battleship built for the Imperial Russian Navy, the sole ship of her class. She served in the Black Sea Fleet and was built by Nikolayev Admiralty Dockyard. Laid down in February 1888,〔All dates used in this article are New Style〕 and launched in September 1890, she was commissioned in December 1892. She became an immobile submarine depot ship in 1912 after she was decommissioned and disarmed the previous year. She was captured by the Germans in 1918 in Sevastopol and was handed over to the Allies in December 1918. Lying immobile in Sevastopol, she was captured by both sides in the Russian Civil War before permanently falling into the hands of the Soviets when the White Russians evacuated the Crimea. She was used as a stand-in for the title ship during the filming of ''The Battleship Potemkin'' and was finally scrapped in 1931.
==Design==
''Dvenadsat Apostolov'' was originally ordered as one of a pair of battleships for the Black Sea Fleet, but the second ship was awarded to a firm on the verge of bankruptcy and they made no significant progress. Her initial armament was planned to be eight guns, four in two twin-gun turrets and four in the central casemate. However, the final form of the turrets and machinery layout was not decided upon, even after construction of the hull began in early 1888. The following September the Naval Technical Committee decided to increase the thickness of the waterline armour belt from to at the cost of . It also decided to move the forward turret back because it thought that the ship might be bow-heavy. They also decided against the original armament and fixed on four guns in twin-gun barbettes at each end of the ship with four guns in a shortened central battery, although it added over of additional weight to the ship.〔McLaughlin, pp. 47–48〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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